Long-term ART not linked to lower anogenital cancer risk in PWH

A case-cohort target trial emulation among 14,312 Botswana adults examined whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) duration reduces anogenital cancer risk in people with HIV (PWH). The study reported that relative risk of anogenital cancer compared with people without HIV did not decrease with longer ART use, and was highest among those on ART for 10 or more years, including markedly elevated risks for vulvar, anal, and penile cancers. The authors concluded that long-term ART was not associated with reduced anogenital cancer risk and stated that improved prevention strategies are needed for PWH.

Most relevant for: People living with HIV, particularly those receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy, in the context of cervical, vulvar, anal, and penile cancer risk.

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