Review Details New Mechanisms and Biologic Options in CRS with Polyps

This review covers mechanistic and clinical developments in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) reported between 2023 and 2025. It states that CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is driven by type 2 inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction, and notes that a new endotype, additional inflammatory cell heterogeneity, and novel cell populations have been identified in this period. The review also reports that four biologics targeting type 2 inflammation are now approved for CRSwNP, with ongoing studies comparing their efficacy to corticosteroids and sinus surgery.

Most relevant for: Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps being considered for or managed with biologic therapy, corticosteroids, or sinus surgery.

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