Review outlines advances in cancer vaccines, including melanoma mRNA vaccine data

This translational science review describes how identification of over 2000 tumor antigens and improved vaccine delivery technologies have renewed clinical development of cancer vaccines. The review reports that talimogene laherparepvec injected into advanced melanoma lesions produced higher durable response rates than GM-CSF (16.3% vs 2.1%, odds ratio 8.9, P<.001), and that adding the personalized mRNA vaccine mRNA-4157 to pembrolizumab improved relapse-free survival compared with pembrolizumab alone in resected high-risk stage IIIB to IV cutaneous melanoma (76.6% vs 60%, hazard ratio 0.56, P=.05). The authors state that adverse effects of cancer vaccines are generally mild and that vaccines are increasingly being evaluated for cancer recurrence prevention and primary prevention.

Most relevant for: Patients with advanced or resected high-risk cutaneous melanoma being considered for vaccine-based or combination immunotherapy approaches.

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